The History of Plastic Surgery

The popularity of plastic surgery procedures is a trend that continues to grow, as men and women alike attempt to improve their physical appearance and eliminate what they view as cosmetic flaws.

So where did plastic surgery begin? In this brief article, I'll explain exactly where cosmetic surgery got it's start and how it has evolved over the years.

Cosmetic

Plastic surgery actually dates back to the 700s BCE. In India, Doctors began to use skin grafts for reconstructive work as early as the 8th century BC. A well-known Physician named Sushruta Samhita documented detailed descriptions of rhinoplasty and otoplasty.

The Romans were also involved in the beginning days of cosmetic surgery. There began performing surgeries to repair damaged ears around the 1st century BC. Because of the dangers associated with surgeries of any form, especially those that involved the head or facial area, it wasn't until the 19th and 20th centuries that this became more commonplace.

Naturally, the early cases of cosmetic surgery were quite painful due to a lack of anesthesia. Practitioners were able to avoid infection however once disinfectants and sterilization techniques were introduced. The invention of antibiotics was also a dramatic step forward in the world of surgical procedures.

Dr. John Peter Mettauer was the United State's first plastic surgeon and in 1827, he successfully performed the very first cleft palate surgery. These procedures continued to grow in popularity during the 20th century in the U.S.

As you can see, plastic surgery isn't exactly a new procedure. It has been around for ages and will continue to grow in popularity as new techniques are introduced. Some of the most popular procedures today include laser surgery, dermabrasion, liposuction, rhinoplasty (nose jobs), chemical peel, abdominoplasty (tummy tucks), rhytidectomy (face lifts), and breast augmentation.

The History of Plastic Surgery

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Where Did Makeup Originate? A Glance at the History of Makeup

The origin of make-up dates back to 3100 BC, during the 1st Egyptian Dynasty. Unguent, a substance used to prevent the skin from drying up due to heat and to avoid wrinkles, was extensively used by people of both genders during that era. The women of Egypt were known to apply kohl to their eyes to give them a smoky look. Antimony or soot was usually used to make kohl.

The use of cosmetics and make up was found among Romans also. They grew popular approximately around the middle of 1st century AD. Kohl was now used by Romans too. The cheeks were decorated with rouge. You would be amazed to know that people used to take good care of their teeth along with their skin. For cleaning teeth, Romans used pumice.

Makeup

Henna dyes were used by Persian women for darkening their hair. Pale skin became very popular during the European time. A lot of women used harmful substances to achieve a pale look, which in turn spoiled their skin to a large extent. During the Renaissance period of Italy, women started using lead paint in order to lighten their skin, which in fact proved damaging.

Due to the damaging effect, makeup was criticised during the time of Elizabeth I. Cosmetics came to be seen as a threat and people started avoiding them. Except for prostitutes who donned themselves with heavy makeup, people usually shied away from it.

The French loved to adorn their lips with red lipsticks, and wore rouge on their cheeks. Though earlier it was repulsed by other countries, eventually it trickled down to other parts of the world also.

A lot of people started using herbal products to make cosmetics and makeup. Herbs, flower extracts, vegetable extracts, strawberries, brandy, spring water etc were widely used. Unfortunately pale complexion was still considered royal and so the efforts of most women were directed towards achieving skin lightness. The use of whiteners and blemish removers proved fatal at times. One of the most lethal products was white lead, which not only caused harm to the skin cells but also led to hair loss and stomach problems.

The irony is that, in spite of knowing the harm they are causing to their body, women continued using dangerous cosmetics like white lead for the face, belladonna for the eyes, and even mercury and nitric acid. Shockingly enough, coal tar was used to dye hair.

Even today a lot of people use harmful cosmetics, though thankfully the focus is shifting towards safer products.

Where Did Makeup Originate? A Glance at the History of Makeup

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The History of Cosmetics and Makeup

The history of cosmetics and makeup goes back a few thousand years. Depending on what century one was born in cosmetics and makeup had different meanings for different people throughout each century. You should also know that cosmetics and makeup have different definitions. Here you will learn the difference.

Cosmetics are anything applied to the face or body in order to improve your appearance. Cosmetics include anything from cold cream, hand cream, eye cream, astringent, after-shave lotion, suntan lotion, talcum, bath powder, body paint, solid perfume, bath oil, bath gel, hair dye, hair bleach, mouthwash, nail polish remover, mustache wax, facial pack, mud pack, toothpaste, shampoo, conditioner, cream rinse, hair mousse, styling gel, hair spray, shaving soap, shaving cream, shaving foam, depilatory, deodorant, antiperspirant and the usual facial makeup.

Cosmetics

Makeup is a branch of cosmetics that has to do with beautifying of the face. So, eyebrow pencil, mascara, eye shadow, eye liner, rouge, blusher, toner, lip slicker, face slicker, lipstick, lip rouge, lip liner, lip gloss, powder base, moisturizer, foundation, loose powder, pressed powder, bronzer and pancake makeup comprise a small part of cosmetics.

The first evidence of cosmetics usage is found in ancient Egypt around 4000 BC. The Romans and Egyptian used cosmetics containing mercury and white lead. Ancient Egyptians had a wide extent of make-up tools. One of them is kohl, which was used to outline the eyes. Kohl is made up of lead, copper, burned almonds, soot, and other ingredients one of which may have been arsenic. It was believed that eye makeup could ward off evil spirits and improve the sight. Even the poor wore eye make-up in ancient Egypt.

Cosmetics were also used in Persia and what is today the Middle East. One of the earliest cosmetologists was the physician Abu a-Qasim al-Zahrawi, or Abulcasis (936-1013 AD), who wrote the 30-volume medical encyclopedia Al-Tasrif. A chapter of the 19th volume was dedicated to cosmetics. Al-Zahrawi considered cosmetics a branch of medicine, which he called "Medicine of Beauty."

During the early years of the 20th century, makeup became fashionable in the United States and Europe. But the most influential new development of all was that of the movie industry in Hollywood. Among those who saw the opportunity for mass-marketing cosmetics were Max Factor, Sr., Elizabeth Arden, and Helena Rubinstein.

Flapper style era influenced the cosmetics of the 1920s, which embraced dark eyes, red lipstick, red nail polish, and the suntan, invented as a fashion statement by Coco Chanel. Previously, suntans had only been sported by agricultural workers, while fashionable women kept their skins as pale as possible. In the wake of Chanel's adoption of the suntan, dozens of new fake tan products were produced to help both men and women achieve the "sun-kissed" look. In Asia, skin whitening continued to represent the ideal of beauty, as it does to this day. During the 1960s and 1970s, many women in the western world influenced by feminism decided to go without any cosmetics. Cosmetics in the 1970s were divided into a "natural look" for day and a more sexualized image for evening.

Cosmetics and makeup in ancient times stood for symbolism of the class of your family. Throughout the years, men and women have used makeup for different reasons. As of today, cosmetics and makeup is used or not used by people who want to make a statement one way or the other.

The History of Cosmetics and Makeup

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